Composition or admixture for concrete and the process of incorporating it therein



UNITED STATES 1 PAT ADMIXTURE FOR CON- THE PROCESS OF INCOR- COMPOSITION OR CRETE AND PORATING IT John V. Drummond, Washington, D. C. v l Q Application November 21, 1939, Serial No. 305,550

9 Claims.

My invention relates broadly to a composition of matter composed of a collection of compounds which have been combined in a novel manner to produce a composition which is adapted, to be used as a admixture and to be added to cement, concrete, mortar and the like.

is an object of my invention to produce a composition which is composed of non-organic active materials, and when integrally mixed in concrete, it combines with the excess waterlemainin ag er fiy a a tjon oi tliecfifittdform a ard insoluble substance which de''r eases the permeabilityand seals the voids oi the concrete material.

It is also an object of my invention to produce a composition of matter which, when admixed with concrete, mortar or the like, will chemically react with the cement oi. the concrete and the like to produce concrete the voids of which have been sealed to a maximum and as a result the concrete has been made wategprgqi I prevent the capillary action through the concrete because the. voids throughout the @body of the concrete have been sealed.

It is a further object of my invention to make a composition of matter which, when added to concrete, mortar, or the like, will increase the strength of concrete to from thirty (30) to fifty (50) per cent and higher over the concretes now being used or heretofore patented.

It is a further object of this invention to produce a composition 01' matter which, when mixed with ordinary concrete material, will insure a bond between the concrete with my material added thereto and an old section of set concrete. I

- It is a further object of my invention to produce a composition oi matter which when added to concrete will make the concrete acid proof.

Since the voids thfougfioutth'e body'oi the con you wherein the moisture content is stabilized. That is, when the novel composition 01! matter has been added to the concrete, it reacts with the cementitious portion and the voids oi the con crete are sealed, and the moisture content there-- in is sealed in the body of the concrete. It is a further object 01 this invention to produce a composition of matter which, when mixed with concrete, reacts with the cement of the concrete to form an insoluble compound which increases the tensile strength thereof. It is a further object of this invention to provide a novel composition of matter adapted to be mixed with concrete and wherein the strength and plastic workability oi the concrete is increased without changing the water ratios used in concrete mixes not having my novel composi-' tion added thereto.

Another object of this invention relates to producing a composition of matter which is adapted to be added to concrete and to set up a reaction between the novel composition of matter duce a composition of matter which when mixed with a concrete mixture will chemically wilthe ggm ent therein so that there temal filltinmillhe concrete.

It is a further object 01' this invention to produce a composition adapted to be added to a concrete mix, the composition reducing the po- -reac -rosity oi the cement and also sealing the mecrete have been sealed, acids cannot penetrate into thebody of the concrete. Heretofore acids have been able to penetrate into the concrete and the concrete was blown or broken up due to the chemical reaction of the acids within the body of the concrete.

It is a further object of this invention to compound a composition of matter which when added to concrete will retard deterioration thereof to a minimum so that no oxidation occurs and no dust will arise from the surface of the concrete.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a composition 01' matter which when added to concrete, will produce a concrete material chanical voids in the concrete moisture or water therein.

Figure 1 is a chart of a comparative test showing the diilerence in the compressive strength of a concrete mixture with my composition therein and designated Trip-L-Seal," and a concrete mixture without my compos on incorporated therein and which s designated as plain.

Figure 2 is a cha of a comparative test showing the difierence in the water absorption of a to retain the free concrete mixture with my composition therein and designated as Trip-L-Seal, and a concrete mixture without my composition incorporated therein and which is designated as plain. My novel composition of matter comprises dry finely ground sodium silicate, calcium chloride.

and" the cement oi the concrete whereby the crys;

COAT Hi 8 PLASTIC I? potassium alum assium aluminum sulfate), an a m rth mixed togemer. ml of a Percent Sodium silicate 1% Calcium chloride Potassium alum 2 iatomaceous earth 1%.

When aluminum hydroxide is added to the composition the percentages by weight to the amount of cement is as follows:

Per cent 1 Diatomaceous earth 1 Aluminum hydroxide /g It is necessary to use at least three and onehalf Gi /2%) per cent by weight of the composition comprising sodium'silicate, calcium chloride, potassium alum and diatomaceous earth to the weight of ment used in such concrete mixtures as the 1- or 1-1-2; 1-3-5 or other similar mixes.

I find it possible to obtain very good results with my composition by using a range ofone (1%) per cent to three (3%) per cent of sodium silicate; a range of one-fourth (V4%) pm to one-half per cent of the calcium chloide; a range of one-fourth /4%$ per cent To one (1%) per cent of potassiu aluma range -of one-half /2%) per centtd'fiie i3%) per cent of diatomaceous earth and a range of aluminum Hydroxide when used of one-fourth use aluminum silicate (kaolin; or other earth silica es and obtain very g esults in a con- After my composition has been added to a concrete mix, the composition chemically reacts with the cement and also the excess water-remaining after hydration to form an insoluble compound throughout the body of the concrete.

As a result of my composition of matter chemically reacting with the cement of the concrete, the time of curing the concrete is greatly reduced, the time for curing being approximately from forty-eight (48) to seventy-two (72) hours. Further the internal curing of the concrete reduces the hazard of the concrete breaking up under pressure at the outset of setting.

Sodium silicate, calcium chloride, potassium alum, and diatomaceous earth mixed together and added to a concrete mix, chemically reacts with the cement and enlargesthe crystals thereof or increases their crystalline growth which results in an unusual bond and strength of the concrete.

Heretofore concrete which has been subject to continuous exposure to acids and the like as in dairies, easily deteriorated and the concrete flooring had to be replaced quite often. With the use of my improved composition of matter the 4 0 per cen 0 one (1%) per cent. Of course the optimum results obtained are set forth in the above tables.

The sodium silicate is the basic substance of my composition of matter. The calcium chloride in its chemical reaction in the composition and with the cement of the concrete acts as a distributor of the sodium silicate and distributes it evenly and homogenously throughout the concrete. The diatomaceous earth in the composition and in combination with the concrete mix is a plasticizing agent. That is, the diatomaceous eart'fiiiicreases the workability of the concrete mix and insures a homogenous mass, wherein all of the elements are distributed homogenously throughout the concrete. The aluminum hydroxide is an agent to further increase the sealing of the pores of the cement and the mechanical voids of the concrete.

It is my theory when employing the group of compounds of the novel composition of matter which is to be added to a concrete mix, and consisting of sodium silicate, potassium alum, calcium chloride in' solution and diatomaceous earth in suspension the composition will chemi- Ca11[X react with the cement of a concr'f'm" an his reaction be ween the composition of matter and the cement of the concrete mix enlarges or increases the crystalline growth of the cement, and the crystalsof the cement being more firmly interlocked or bonded together, a greater tensile and compression strength is produced in the concrete. The composition of matter after reacting with the cement of the concrete 75 voids throughout the concrete have been sealed and the concrete is therefore impervious to the effects of acids.

Further when my novel composition of matte has been added to concrete, it seals the voids so that water cannot penetrate the concrete and as a result'the concrete is not subject to the results'of weather changes. Concrete with my composition added thereto has a greater tensile and compression strength than obtained in the prior concretes. The greater compression and tensile strength is due to the crystals of the cement having been enlarged and more firmly interlocked than hereto-' fore accomplished.

A microstructure or microphoto showing of a sectionof concrete having my composition embedded therein discloses that there is no con tinuity of voids in the-concrete while a sectional view of the concretes now being used shows that the voids have a continuity therein.

In a test of three cylinders of concrete with AFDIOX. Compres- Strength- Age at test, days w 0 ratio sive total unit load,. (galJbag) load, lbs. lbs./sq. in.

- mean 3,

mean I, 5,

A comparative test has been made of twocontest shows the following:

crete mixtures, one concrete mixture composed of the following ratios of ingredients (15.4 pounds of cement, 34.2 pounds or sand and 73.2 pounds of gravel) with composition comprising sodium silicate, calcium chloride, potassium alum and diatomaceous earth incorporated therein; 1.8. pounds, and the other concrete mixture consistn of the same ratios of ingredients except the composition comprising sodium silicate, calcium chloride, potassium alum, and diatomaceous earth, and the test shows the difference in compressive strengths and absorptive Concrete with my composition Concrete without my Physical properties composition Compressive strength 7 days, lbs. per

sq. Comggcssive strength 28 days, lbs. per

sq. Water absorption at 70 F., per cent:

1 hour 1%% or sodium silicate by weight to the weight of cement, /2% of calcium chloride by weight to the weight of cement, /r% of potassium alum by weight to the weight of cement, and 1 or diatomaceous earth by weight to the weight 01' the cement.

4. As a new article or manufacture, a concrete block including a concrete mixture including Portland cement and a composition comprising a range of 1% to 3% of sodium silicate'b'y weight to the weight of cement, a range or to or calcium chloride by weight to the weight of the qualities. The

- range of V2% to 3% of diatomaceous 3 cement, a range of to 1% of potassium alum by weight to the weight of the cement, and a earth by weight to the weight of the cement.

5. A process of producing a concrete compris-- ing mixing a concrete mix including Portland cement, adding to the concrete mixa composition comprising 1%% of sodium silicate by weight to the weight of the cement, of calcium chloride by weight to the weight of the cement, /2 of potassium alum by weight to the weight of the cement, and 154% of' diatomaceous earth by weight to the weight of the cement, and then mixing together the concrete mix and the composition.

6. A proces of producing a concrete compris- 7 ing mixing a concrete mixture including Portland cement, then adding to the concrete mixture a composition comprising a range of 1% to 3% 01 sodium silicate by weight to the weight of the cement, a range of A% to 01 calcium chloride by weight to the weight of the ce-J ment, a range of to 1% of potassium alum by weight to the weight of the cement, and a range of to 3% 01' diatomaceous earth b weight to the weight of the cement.

'7. A process of producing a concrete comprising mixing a concrete mixture, then adding to a concrete mix and the the concrete mixture a ground composition comprising a range of 1% to 3% 01' dry sodium silicate, a range of to /z% of calcium chloride, a range of /2% to 1% of potassium alum,

and a range of V to 3% of diatomaceous earth.

,8. A composition of the character described comprising a concrete mixture, and finely divided composition comprising 1%% of sodium silicate, 4% of calcium chloride, /2% of potassium alum, and 1%% of diatomaceous earth.

9.'A composition of the character described comprising a concrete mixture including Portland cement, and a composition comprising a range of 1% to 3% of sodium silicate by weight to theweight of the cement, a range of 34% to of calcium chloride by weight to the weight'of the cement, a range of to 1% of potassium alum by weight to the weight of the cement, and a range of to 3% of diatomaceous earth by weight to the weight of the cement.

JOHN V. DRUMMOND. 

